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This Article Is Currently In Limbo

We have changed our recommendations expressed in this article, but our final recommendations are not yet complete. This article will be updated in the near future. In the meantime, please note the important update below.
VSee LogoSkype is popular, free, and easy to download and use, so it’s the obvious go-to for thousands of therapists and clients who want to work together over the Internet via videoconferencing. As has been pointed out by many others, however, there are some issues around Skype when it comes to HIPAA. Software platforms offering health care-oriented videoconferencing along with other features — for a fee — exist, but is there something that looks, feels, and costs like Skype and is designed for us health care types?

Enter VSee, a Skype-like piece of software with a number of important distinctions. It can be downloaded for free, it installs and starts working simply and easily (as easily as Skype, at least), and it performs the simple task of providing a video and audio connection for 2 or more people. VSee also offers more flexible screensharing options and tech support for a monthly fee, but they are not required.

If it works like Skype, then is it really okay for HIPAA? Why is VSee okay but Skype isn’t?

Update, January 2016:

Given the development of the software world and health care regs in the US since this article was published, we have decided that we can no longer recommend that HIPAA Covered Entities use VSee without a Business Associate Agreement. The following information is left for now so you can see what we stated about VSee previously. This information will be updated in the near future, however.

Reps from VSee have commented here that they are willing to give a reduced rate for Pro plans that include a Business Associate Agreement. The actual rate they offer is still unknown to us, but we’re finding out what we can find out. We’ll update this article when we know more. In the meantime, Anne has stated in the comments that you can inquire directly with VSee at https://vsee.com/contactsales.

Person-Centered Tech still recommends VSee as good software for online therapy work. We hope it will remain accessible to solo and small mental health practices.

As I see it, the main problem with Skype and HIPAA is about the HIPAA Business Associate rules released in January of 2013. HIPAA states that third-party groups who handle your confidential information, and don’t meet certain exceptions, qualify as “HIPAA Business Associates.” You are required to have a Business Associate contract with such a group before you hand them any protected health information. (Need more info on this? See: What is a HIPAA Business Associate Agreement?)

How come VSee slides by on the Business Associate question and Skype doesn’t? The distinction rests on pretty technical matters. In this case, the question is, “how is the call information sent over the Internet?”

It has become public knowledge that Skype allows law enforcement to monitor calls. This means that Skype must have some way to listen in on any old call that uses their software. This means, essentially, that Skype can and may handle your unsecured protected health information and so, especially under the 2013 HIPAA rules, they are a Business Associate.

The VSee software bypasses this issue through a very simple difference: calls go directly from person-to-person without any intervention by the VSee company. So even though your computers run the VSee software, it is your computer and the client’s computer doing all the handling of information. No third party is involved, so there is no HIPAA Business Associate relationship there.

What’s more, Skype calls do use AES encryption, which is good and strong. The US government has an encryption standard, however, called FIPS 140-2 (what a clear and obvious name, right?) Skype’s call encryption, while good, doesn’t meet this standard. This is not unusual since Skype’s security is about providing privacy for consumers and not about complying with government standards. VSee’s encryption meets the FIPS standard, and it is clear that the security scheme underlying it is built to accommodate the needs of health care professionals and government agencies that must meet the federal standards.

Once again, the distinctions are under the hood, but they are essential distinctions when it comes to HIPAA. Luckily for us, we don’t have to do anything to make them happen. It “Just Works.”

Are there any problems with VSee when it comes to HIPAA or other security requirements?

I see three issues to be addressed with VSee when it comes to HIPAA:

1) HIPAA requires that the software we use to handle our protected health information keep logs of accesses and usage so that we can audit those logs if we suspect that someone may have broken in or otherwise misused the information. Skype doesn’t offer this at all, and the VSee software doesn’t provide such information out of the box. 

I spoke about this with Becky Wai, VSee’s Director of Medical Applications, and she informed me that should such a need arise, VSee can make arrangements for access to logs. Quite importantly, the VSee company also offers more feature-rich (and expensive) software packages to hospitals and large clinics that include access to logs, so we know they have the capability to deliver this information when needed. However, since it is not part of the core software, this goes under HIPAA-related weaknesses.

2) VSee’s CEO, MIlton Chen, informed me that the text chat feature of VSee is “store-and-forward,” meaning that text chat messages pass through the virtual hands of the VSee computers. Chen advises that health care professionals using VSee for delivery of services should avoid using the chat feature for this reason. This is separate from the video calling. 

3) While the calls themselves don’t pass through the VSee computers, those computers do coordinate the connection of calls. This means VSee would know which accounts connected for a call at what times, but not the length of the calls (because VSee doesn’t know when you hang up) nor any of the contents of the calls. This is a low risk situation, but one that users of VSee should be aware of.  

How well does it actually work? Does it do anything especially helpful or unhelpful?

One of VSee’s strongest features is the ability to send high-definition video with very little Internet speed. They tout this feature a lot, and I wasn’t sure if it would bear out in practice, at first. I’ve found, however, that VSee rarely drops calls or has significant lags. It’s much easier to get in to an emotionally deep therapeutic intervention when I’m confident the call isn’t going to freeze up on me. The Internet is still a fickle beast, of course, and VSee calls aren’t perfect, but it’s significantly better than anything else I’ve used.

Notably, VSee also meets most of the American Telemedicine Association’s guidelines for videoconferencing software, including providing information about the state of the Internet connection and the possibility that a call connection may be about to go bad. It also provides information about how well each person’s computer is running. If your client is having trouble running VSee, you can check to see if perhaps their computer is being overloaded by other programs that they need to close or if the Internet connection is, in fact, running slow. The ability to monitor the state of your client’s computer and the call connection is a wonderful boost for providing quality telehealth services.

VSee can also do screen sharing (although you’ll need to pay a monthly fee if you want to do it more than once per day) and the Windows version can record sessions. The lack of recording on the Mac version is a glaring hole in the feature set. They tell me it’s on the todo list, and I hope it gets addressed soon. To VSee’s credit, however, Skype does not support recording at all, although you can buy third-party programs that record Skype calls.

What about the company? Can we rely on this product for the long-term?

I’m concerned that the company does not have a Chief Security Officer (CSO) or Chief Information Security Officer (CISO.) Companies that lack this kind of executive position are usually more prone to security problems over time, as there is no executive-level person whose job is to maintain a culture of security. However, VSee’s customers include the US Congress, Navy Seals and NASA, all of whom must use software that meets federal security standards and who monitor their vendors closely. The focus on telehealth would also necessitate a continued focus on security.

So VSee is the best software for doing online therapy?

VSee is good for online therapy, and it is a great alternative for Skype since it works and costs like Skype but is much more appropriate for telehealth. It is not the only product that works well, however, and which product is “best” is a matter of opinion. For a thorough list of software platforms that can be used for telehealth, I recommend checking out the Telemental Health Comparisons website.

VSee can be downloaded from www.vsee.com.

How can I learn more about VSee and using video in telehealth practice?

The topics in this article are covered in our online CE courses: Digital Ethics, Security & Privacy in Psychotherapy Practice Management (4 CE hrs, $39) at the Zur Institute; and HIPAA Security and Privacy in Psychotherapy, Counseling and Mental Health Practices (10 CE hrs, $99), also at the Zur Institute.


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